Introduction to MongoDB

What is a Database?

A database is an organized collection of structured information or data, typically stored in a computer system and managed using a DBMS (Database Management System).

Hierarchy of MongoDB

One database can contain multiple collections
One collection is mandatory
A collection contains multiple documents
A document contains multiple fields

What is a Collection?

In MongoDB, a collection is a grouping of MongoDB documents. Each document is a set of key-value pairs and represents a unit of data within the collection.

What is a Document?

A document is the basic unit of data in MongoDB, stored as key-value pairs (like a JSON object). Documents can vary in structure and are stored inside collections.

What is MongoDB?

MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database known for:

High scalability, flexibility, and performance
Storing data in JSON-like documents
Being open-source and cross-platform

History of MongoDB

2007: Developed by 10gen
2009: Open-source release and commercial support
2013: 10gen renamed to MongoDB Inc.
2017: MongoDB went public (IPO)
2018: Version 4.0.4 released
Latest: MongoDB 7.0 (includes changes from Rapid Releases 6.1–6.3)

Features of MongoDB

Document-Oriented: Stores data in BSON (Binary JSON) format.
Schema-less: No predefined schema, flexible structure.
High Availability: Uses replica sets for redundancy and failover.
Horizontal Scalability: Supports sharding across servers.
Indexing: Supports various types (single, compound, geospatial, etc.).
Aggregation Framework: For complex data operations.
Flexible Query Language: Supports rich and expressive queries.
Ad Hoc Queries: Dynamic query capability without a schema.
Document Validation: Enforces rules before data is inserted or updated.
Security: Built-in authentication, authorization, encryption, and auditing.

Advantages of MongoDB

Supports complex queries (field, range-based, string matching)
Allows indexing on any fields
Uses JavaScript objects instead of stored procedures
Dynamic schema
Easy to scale
Native support for sharding (data partitioning)

Reserved Databases in MongoDB

admin — Stores user credentials and authentication info
config — Stores MongoDB server configuration
local — Stores local server-specific data

Supported Data Types in MongoDB

Null
Boolean
Number
String
Date
Regular expression
Array
Embedded document
ObjectId
Binary Data
Code

How to Install MongoDB on Windows

Download MongoDB from the MongoDB Download Center.
Select:
- Version: 7.0.4
- OS: Windows x64
- Package: msi
Follow the installer steps:
- Accept license
- Choose Complete setup
- Select Run as Network Service
- Finish installation
Add MongoDB’s bin path to the Environment Variables.
Create C:\data\db folder manually.
Run the MongoDB server using:

How to Install MongoDB on macOS

Method 1: Using Homebrew (Recommended)

Install Homebrew (if not installed):

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

Install MongoDB:

# Add the MongoDB repository
brew tap mongodb/brew

# Install MongoDB Community Edition
brew install mongodb-community

Manage MongoDB Service:

# Start the MongoDB service
 brew services start mongodb-community

Stop the MongoDB service:

# Stop the MongoDB service
 brew services stop mongodb-community

Restart the MongoDB service:

 # Restart the MongoDB service
 brew services restart mongodb-community

View MongoDB service status

 # View MongoDB service status
 brew services list | grep mongodb

Why developers love MongoDB?

Simple hai! MongoDB developers ko flexibility deta hai. Aap bina tension ke apna data structure change kar sakte hain, aur scale karna to aur bhi asan hai. Agar aapka application grow kar raha hai ya requirements change ho rahi hain, to MongoDB best friend sabit hota hai.